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Showing posts with label 8051. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 8051. Show all posts

Making multiple input by 3 wire Interfacing .

By
Parallel to serial  Interfacing with Micro controller 

Interfacing with 74HC165 with 8051


   I am trying to make multiple input with using minimum input port of micro controller ,ie 3 wire .
By using a 3 wire we can interface more input as we wish.


 I am making a tutorial for it , Basics of 74HC165  which is a parallel to serial shift register .


   












Only three pin is connected with this IC . 
1)   SH/LD  or PL  is used load  parallel data to the IC .A low pulse (ground) is applied for store the         parallel data at the pin from A to H . And a High (5 Volt) is applied to stop the reading from the          PIN A to H .
2) Then to read the loaded or saved data to Micro controller we have to give clock to the PIN 2 of           74HC165  (CLK) . 8 pulses is applied to read 8 bit (Pin A to B)

3) QH / SO . serial out pin is used to get the stored parallel data to serially.

The CLK INH pin must be connect in ground for enable clock.


    To use cascaded 74HC165 for increasing i/p .connect the Seriall output pin (PIN 9) of first satge into serial input of first stage see the following circuit.
   




see the code below





  
  #include  
#include
#include "lcd.h"
sbit PL = P1^0; // Loading parallel data to HC165.
sbit CLK = P1^1; // Clock pulse to HC165.
sbit Beep = P1^2; //
sbit data_in = P1^3;

void clock(void);
void display(unsigned char value);

void main()
{
unsigned char position ,no_of_ip = 17;
lcd_init();
string(" gElectron");
while(1)

{
PL = 0 ;
delay(2);
PL = 1;

for(position = 1; no_of_ip > position; position++ , clock())
{

if(data_in == 1)
display(position);

}
}
}

void clock(void)
{
CLK = 1;
delay(1);
CLK = 0;

}

void display(unsigned int value)
{
unsigned int a[1];
Beep = 1;
lcd_init();
lcd_cmd(0x01);
string("Pressed key ");
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
sprintf(a,"%d",value);
string(a);
delay(1);
Beep = 0;

}

Download the whle file here github.


Making multiple input by 3 wire Interfacing .

By
Parallel to serial  Interfacing with Micro controller 

Interfacing with 74HC165 with 8051


   I am trying to make multiple input with using minimum input port of micro controller ,ie 3 wire .
By using a 3 wire we can interface more input as we wish.


 I am making a tutorial for it , Basics of 74HC165  which is a parallel to serial shift register .


   












Only three pin is connected with this IC . 
1)   SH/LD  or PL  is used load  parallel data to the IC .A low pulse (ground) is applied for store the         parallel data at the pin from A to H . And a High (5 Volt) is applied to stop the reading from the          PIN A to H .
2) Then to read the loaded or saved data to Micro controller we have to give clock to the PIN 2 of           74HC165  (CLK) . 8 pulses is applied to read 8 bit (Pin A to B)

3) QH / SO . serial out pin is used to get the stored parallel data to serially.

The CLK INH pin must be connect in ground for enable clock.


    To use cascaded 74HC165 for increasing i/p .connect the Seriall output pin (PIN 9) of first satge into serial input of first stage see the following circuit.
   




see the code below





  
  #include  
#include
#include "lcd.h"  
sbit PL  = P1^0;   // Loading parallel data to HC165.
sbit CLK = P1^1;   // Clock pulse to HC165.
sbit Beep  = P1^2;   // 
sbit data_in  = P1^3;

  void clock(void);
  void display(unsigned char value);
     
void main()
{  
 unsigned char position ,no_of_ip = 17;
  lcd_init();
  string("   gElectron");     
  while(1)

   {  
      PL = 0 ;
  delay(2);
  PL = 1;

   for(position = 1; no_of_ip > position; position++ , clock())
  {     
  
    if(data_in == 1)
     display(position);   

  }
   } 
}  

 void clock(void)
 {
   CLK = 1;
   delay(1);
   CLK = 0;

 }

void display(unsigned int value)
  {  
  unsigned int a[1];
    Beep =   1;
    lcd_init();
 lcd_cmd(0x01);   
    string("Pressed key ");
    lcd_cmd(0xc0); 
  sprintf(a,"%d",value);  
     string(a); 
     delay(1);
     Beep = 0;
     
  }   


Download the whle file here github.


Rotation Counter using 8051

By

Rotation Counter using 8051


 I need to make a counter for a transformer winding machine .In that the winding is made by hand . so the roation  need to be keep in mind ,that is too much difficult .So the winding shaft rotaion counting by an infrared sensor module which is connected with 89S52 microcontroler and a LCD .

Infrared based Rotation Counter by 805 or  (contact less Rotation Counter  or Rotation counter without using Interrupt.



 

Code : 


INFRARED Module 


Download the Full Project  CODE and with Proteus  Here

Rotation Counter using 8051

By

Rotation Counter using 8051


 I need to make a counter for a transformer winding machine .In that the winding is made by hand . so the roation  need to be keep in mind ,that is too much difficult .So the winding shaft rotaion counting by an infrared sensor module which is connected with 89S52 microcontroler and a LCD .

Infrared based Rotation Counter by 805 or  (contact less Rotation Counter  or Rotation counter without using Interrupt.



 

Code : 


INFRARED Module 


Download the Full Project  CODE and with Proteus  Here

16 Bit Event Counter & Displaying on LCD1

By
An External Pulse Counter Using 8051 and Dispalying on 16x2 LCD 

  A circuits which is used to count the external pulses And which is displaying on an 16x2 LCD display . You can simply use this project for various purpose .It is a default  project for counting Purpose.



Tutorials : - 


To use 16 Bit counter we need to configure some register in 8051 as follows 

TMOD Register is need to configure as follows
16 bit counter Setting with timer 0

TMOD=0x05; //  Giving 0x05 it configured so .

8051 has Two Timer (each has 16 bit ) i am taking here Timer 0 It has to part First 8 bit (TL)) and the second part is (TH0) .
This timer is using to store the Pulses from the external (ie it will increment up to 65535 or FFFF)

TL0 = 0; // that timer clearing 

TH0 = 0;  // that timer clearing 

 TR0 = 1 // TR0 setting to start the counting .


Done .................................


    After setting the above register as said  the resulted value (counting value ) will save periodically in TL0 and TH0 . That value displaying after converting it to decimal . for LCD Tutorials Go Here



Download Her the all Project Including Proteus file
Click Here

16 Bit Event Counter & Displaying on LCD1

By
An External Pulse Counter Using 8051 and Dispalying on 16x2 LCD 

  A circuits which is used to count the external pulses And which is displaying on an 16x2 LCD display . You can simply use this project for various purpose .It is a default  project for counting Purpose.



Tutorials : - 


To use 16 Bit counter we need to configure some register in 8051 as follows 

TMOD Register is need to configure as follows
16 bit counter Setting with timer 0

TMOD=0x05; //  Giving 0x05 it configured so .

8051 has Two Timer (each has 16 bit ) i am taking here Timer 0 It has to part First 8 bit (TL)) and the second part is (TH0) .
This timer is using to store the Pulses from the external (ie it will increment up to 65535 or FFFF)

TL0 = 0; // that timer clearing 

TH0 = 0;  // that timer clearing 

 TR0 = 1 // TR0 setting to start the counting .


Done .................................


    After setting the above register as said  the resulted value (counting value ) will save periodically in TL0 and TH0 . That value displaying after converting it to decimal . for LCD Tutorials Go Here



Download Her the all Project Including Proteus file
Click Here

Making multiple input by 3 wire Interfacing .

By
Parallel to serial  Interfacing with Micro controller 

Interfacing with 74HC165 with 8051


   I am trying to make multiple input with using minimum input port of micro controller ,ie 3 wire .
By using a 3 wire we can interface more input as we wish.


 I am making a tutorial for it , Basics of 74HC165  which is a parallel to serial shift register .


   












Only three pin is connected with this IC . 
1)   SH/LD  or PL  is used load  parallel data to the IC .A low pulse (ground) is applied for store the         parallel data at the pin from A to H . And a High (5 Volt) is applied to stop the reading from the          PIN A to H .
2) Then to read the loaded or saved data to Micro controller we have to give clock to the PIN 2 of           74HC165  (CLK) . 8 pulses is applied to read 8 bit (Pin A to B)

3) QH / SO . serial out pin is used to get the stored parallel data to serially.

The CLK INH pin must be connect in ground for enable clock.


    To use cascaded 74HC165 for increasing i/p .connect the Seriall output pin (PIN 9) of first satge into serial input of first stage see the following circuit.
   




see the code below





  
  #include  
#include
#include "lcd.h"
sbit PL = P1^0; // Loading parallel data to HC165.
sbit CLK = P1^1; // Clock pulse to HC165.
sbit Beep = P1^2; //
sbit data_in = P1^3;

void clock(void);
void display(unsigned char value);

void main()
{
unsigned char position ,no_of_ip = 17;
lcd_init();
string(" gElectron");
while(1)

{
PL = 0 ;
delay(2);
PL = 1;

for(position = 1; no_of_ip > position; position++ , clock())
{

if(data_in == 1)
display(position);

}
}
}

void clock(void)
{
CLK = 1;
delay(1);
CLK = 0;

}

void display(unsigned int value)
{
unsigned int a[1];
Beep = 1;
lcd_init();
lcd_cmd(0x01);
string("Pressed key ");
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
sprintf(a,"%d",value);
string(a);
delay(1);
Beep = 0;

}

Download the whle file here github.

Making multiple input by 3 wire Interfacing .

By
Parallel to serial  Interfacing with Micro controller 

Interfacing with 74HC165 with 8051


   I am trying to make multiple input with using minimum input port of micro controller ,ie 3 wire .
By using a 3 wire we can interface more input as we wish.


 I am making a tutorial for it , Basics of 74HC165  which is a parallel to serial shift register .


   












Only three pin is connected with this IC . 
1)   SH/LD  or PL  is used load  parallel data to the IC .A low pulse (ground) is applied for store the         parallel data at the pin from A to H . And a High (5 Volt) is applied to stop the reading from the          PIN A to H .
2) Then to read the loaded or saved data to Micro controller we have to give clock to the PIN 2 of           74HC165  (CLK) . 8 pulses is applied to read 8 bit (Pin A to B)

3) QH / SO . serial out pin is used to get the stored parallel data to serially.

The CLK INH pin must be connect in ground for enable clock.


    To use cascaded 74HC165 for increasing i/p .connect the Seriall output pin (PIN 9) of first satge into serial input of first stage see the following circuit.
   




see the code below





  
  #include  
#include
#include "lcd.h"  
sbit PL  = P1^0;   // Loading parallel data to HC165.
sbit CLK = P1^1;   // Clock pulse to HC165.
sbit Beep  = P1^2;   // 
sbit data_in  = P1^3;

  void clock(void);
  void display(unsigned char value);
     
void main()
{  
 unsigned char position ,no_of_ip = 17;
  lcd_init();
  string("   gElectron");     
  while(1)

   {  
      PL = 0 ;
  delay(2);
  PL = 1;

   for(position = 1; no_of_ip > position; position++ , clock())
  {     
  
    if(data_in == 1)
     display(position);   

  }
   } 
}  

 void clock(void)
 {
   CLK = 1;
   delay(1);
   CLK = 0;

 }

void display(unsigned int value)
  {  
  unsigned int a[1];
    Beep =   1;
    lcd_init();
 lcd_cmd(0x01);   
    string("Pressed key ");
    lcd_cmd(0xc0); 
  sprintf(a,"%d",value);  
     string(a); 
     delay(1);
     Beep = 0;
     
  }   


Download the whle file here github.

16 Bit Event Counter & Displaying on LCD1

By
An External Pulse Counter Using 8051 and Dispalying on 16x2 LCD 

  A circuits which is used to count the external pulses And which is displaying on an 16x2 LCD display . You can simply use this project for various purpose .It is a default  project for counting Purpose.



Tutorials : - 


To use 16 Bit counter we need to configure some register in 8051 as follows 

TMOD Register is need to configure as follows
16 bit counter Setting with timer 0

TMOD=0x05; //  Giving 0x05 it configured so .

8051 has Two Timer (each has 16 bit ) i am taking here Timer 0 It has to part First 8 bit (TL)) and the second part is (TH0) .
This timer is using to store the Pulses from the external (ie it will increment up to 65535 or FFFF)

TL0 = 0; // that timer clearing 

TH0 = 0;  // that timer clearing 

 TR0 = 1 // TR0 setting to start the counting .


Done .................................


    After setting the above register as said  the resulted value (counting value ) will save periodically in TL0 and TH0 . That value displaying after converting it to decimal . for LCD Tutorials Go Here



Download Her the all Project Including Proteus file
Click Here

16 Bit Event Counter & Displaying on LCD1

By
An External Pulse Counter Using 8051 and Dispalying on 16x2 LCD 

  A circuits which is used to count the external pulses And which is displaying on an 16x2 LCD display . You can simply use this project for various purpose .It is a default  project for counting Purpose.



Tutorials : - 


To use 16 Bit counter we need to configure some register in 8051 as follows 

TMOD Register is need to configure as follows
16 bit counter Setting with timer 0

TMOD=0x05; //  Giving 0x05 it configured so .

8051 has Two Timer (each has 16 bit ) i am taking here Timer 0 It has to part First 8 bit (TL)) and the second part is (TH0) .
This timer is using to store the Pulses from the external (ie it will increment up to 65535 or FFFF)

TL0 = 0; // that timer clearing 

TH0 = 0;  // that timer clearing 

 TR0 = 1 // TR0 setting to start the counting .


Done .................................


    After setting the above register as said  the resulted value (counting value ) will save periodically in TL0 and TH0 . That value displaying after converting it to decimal . for LCD Tutorials Go Here



Download Her the all Project Including Proteus file
Click Here

Timer

By

Timer 

What is a Timer ? 

A Timer is device it sense the time interval and produce an output at a set value . example alarm Timer setting.(Timer in Wikipedia )


,What is the need of a timer in Micro controller ?
1) Some time  micro controller Code need some accurate  Delay  ( Example blinking An LED in each      accurate 1 sec. Look LED Blinking example

2)Some Time the code needs the code Repeat

3) Most of the Interfacing devices with micro-controller needs a clock (accurate interval of clocks)
   Example:   LCD module require Clock  Signal Look LCD Interfacing
               

Timer in 8051

Also a Timer actually require a clock pulse  (pling) .These pulse are given from controller  (actually it is in software based not giving ) see below picture
8051 type controller has  two Timer Timer 0 and Timer 1 (These two timer is the length of 16 bit ,0000 to  FFFF ).These Timer is named as TR0 and TR1. 



The Timer Setting/configuring  can controlling by the TMOD register 



These TMOD register Values is used to decide how the Timer Works .
Sample program




download the fullcode and Test

Timer

By

Timer 

What is a Timer ? 

A Timer is device it sense the time interval and produce an output at a set value . example alarm Timer setting.(Timer in Wikipedia )


,What is the need of a timer in Micro controller ?
1) Some time  micro controller Code need some accurate  Delay  ( Example blinking An LED in each      accurate 1 sec. Look LED Blinking example

2)Some Time the code needs the code Repeat

3) Most of the Interfacing devices with micro-controller needs a clock (accurate interval of clocks)
   Example:   LCD module require Clock  Signal Look LCD Interfacing
               

Timer in 8051

Also a Timer actually require a clock pulse  (pling) .These pulse are given from controller  (actually it is in software based not giving ) see below picture
8051 type controller has  two Timer Timer 0 and Timer 1 (These two timer is the length of 16 bit ,0000 to  FFFF ).These Timer is named as TR0 and TR1. 



The Timer Setting/configuring  can controlling by the TMOD register 



These TMOD register Values is used to decide how the Timer Works .
Sample program




download the fullcode and Test

Making multiple input by 3 wire Interfacing .

By
Parallel to serial  Interfacing with Micro controller 

Interfacing with 74HC165 with 8051


   I am trying to make multiple input with using minimum input port of micro controller ,ie 3 wire .
By using a 3 wire we can interface more input as we wish.


 I am making a tutorial for it , Basics of 74HC165  which is a parallel to serial shift register .


   












Only three pin is connected with this IC . 
1)   SH/LD  or PL  is used load  parallel data to the IC .A low pulse (ground) is applied for store the         parallel data at the pin from A to H . And a High (5 Volt) is applied to stop the reading from the          PIN A to H .
2) Then to read the loaded or saved data to Micro controller we have to give clock to the PIN 2 of           74HC165  (CLK) . 8 pulses is applied to read 8 bit (Pin A to B)

3) QH / SO . serial out pin is used to get the stored parallel data to serially.

The CLK INH pin must be connect in ground for enable clock.


    To use cascaded 74HC165 for increasing i/p .connect the Seriall output pin (PIN 9) of first satge into serial input of first stage see the following circuit.
   




see the code below





  
  #include  
#include
#include "lcd.h"
sbit PL = P1^0; // Loading parallel data to HC165.
sbit CLK = P1^1; // Clock pulse to HC165.
sbit Beep = P1^2; //
sbit data_in = P1^3;

void clock(void);
void display(unsigned char value);

void main()
{
unsigned char position ,no_of_ip = 17;
lcd_init();
string(" gElectron");
while(1)

{
PL = 0 ;
delay(2);
PL = 1;

for(position = 1; no_of_ip > position; position++ , clock())
{

if(data_in == 1)
display(position);

}
}
}

void clock(void)
{
CLK = 1;
delay(1);
CLK = 0;

}

void display(unsigned int value)
{
unsigned int a[1];
Beep = 1;
lcd_init();
lcd_cmd(0x01);
string("Pressed key ");
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
sprintf(a,"%d",value);
string(a);
delay(1);
Beep = 0;

}

Download the whle file here github.


Making multiple input by 3 wire Interfacing .

By
Parallel to serial  Interfacing with Micro controller 

Interfacing with 74HC165 with 8051


   I am trying to make multiple input with using minimum input port of micro controller ,ie 3 wire .
By using a 3 wire we can interface more input as we wish.


 I am making a tutorial for it , Basics of 74HC165  which is a parallel to serial shift register .


   












Only three pin is connected with this IC . 
1)   SH/LD  or PL  is used load  parallel data to the IC .A low pulse (ground) is applied for store the         parallel data at the pin from A to H . And a High (5 Volt) is applied to stop the reading from the          PIN A to H .
2) Then to read the loaded or saved data to Micro controller we have to give clock to the PIN 2 of           74HC165  (CLK) . 8 pulses is applied to read 8 bit (Pin A to B)

3) QH / SO . serial out pin is used to get the stored parallel data to serially.

The CLK INH pin must be connect in ground for enable clock.


    To use cascaded 74HC165 for increasing i/p .connect the Seriall output pin (PIN 9) of first satge into serial input of first stage see the following circuit.
   




see the code below





  
  #include  
#include
#include "lcd.h"  
sbit PL  = P1^0;   // Loading parallel data to HC165.
sbit CLK = P1^1;   // Clock pulse to HC165.
sbit Beep  = P1^2;   // 
sbit data_in  = P1^3;

  void clock(void);
  void display(unsigned char value);
     
void main()
{  
 unsigned char position ,no_of_ip = 17;
  lcd_init();
  string("   gElectron");     
  while(1)

   {  
      PL = 0 ;
  delay(2);
  PL = 1;

   for(position = 1; no_of_ip > position; position++ , clock())
  {     
  
    if(data_in == 1)
     display(position);   

  }
   } 
}  

 void clock(void)
 {
   CLK = 1;
   delay(1);
   CLK = 0;

 }

void display(unsigned int value)
  {  
  unsigned int a[1];
    Beep =   1;
    lcd_init();
 lcd_cmd(0x01);   
    string("Pressed key ");
    lcd_cmd(0xc0); 
  sprintf(a,"%d",value);  
     string(a); 
     delay(1);
     Beep = 0;
     
  }   


Download the whle file here github.


ADC Interfacing with 8051

By
ADC Interfacing with 8051


Read the Introduction here for the ADC  tutorials .   For LCD tutorials Click here

Both the above two tutorials combined  and  tried to read the adc value and Displaying the value in 16x2 LCD only for the learning purpose . If you have any doubt ask me By emailing thnnara123@gmail.com ,or comment below .


 Circuit 



Program In written Keil  with C compiler 
**********************************************************************************
Main file // ADC File
***********************************************************************************
#include <REGX51.H>  
#include "lcd.h" 
#include"adc.h"
#define test_port P2
#include<stdio.h>

void main(){
unsigned char buffer[8];

int adc_value;
LCDPORT = 0x00;
adc_port = 0xFF;
test_port =0x00;
lcd_init();
string("adc ");
get_adc();
P2 = adc_port;
adc_value = 0x60;//adc_port;
LINE2
sprintf(buffer,"%d",adc_value);   // used to convert Binary value from ADC to ASCI value for Lcd

string(buffer);

while(1);

}

***********************************************************************************
    adc.h // ADC Header File
************************************************************************************
#define adc_port P3
sbit RD_adc = P1^0;
sbit WR_adc = P1^1;
sbit INTR = P1^2; 

 get_adc()
 { 
  
 WR_adc = 0;
 delay(1);
 WR_adc =1;
 while(INTR==1);
 RD_adc = 1;
 delay(1);
 RD_adc = 0;

  }
**********************************************************************************
LCD.h // LCD Header File
***********************************************************************************
 #include"delay.h"
#define LCDPORT P0 // named the Port2 as LCDPORT
sbit RS=LCDPORT^2; // P2.2 named RS
sbit E=LCDPORT^3; // P2.3 named as E
#define LINE2 lcd_cmd(0xc0); // used to display the second line oxc0 is


void latch(void) // used to a high to low pulse the pin E
{
E = 1;
delay(1);
E = 0;
}

void lcd_cmd(unsigned char c) // used to send the command / Instruction to the lcd port
{
RS = 0; // send a '0' value to select to send command
delay(1);
LCDPORT = c & 0xf0; // send the command c only 4 bit by masking the lower bit
latch();
delay(1);
LCDPORT = (c << 4); // giving the lowerbit by shifting the 4 bit to left
latch();
}

void lcd_data(unsigned char c)
{
RS =1; // send 1 to send data
delay(1);
LCDPORT = c & 0xf0 | 0x4; //send the data only 4 bit by masking the lower bit and also making the RS pin high by giving 0x04 .
delay(1);
latch();

LCDPORT = (c << 4)| 0x4; ; // giving the lower bit by shifting the 4 bit to left
latch();
}

void lcd_init()
{
delay(20);
lcd_cmd(0x30); //as per data sheet
delay(20);
lcd_cmd(0x30); //as per data sheet
delay(4);
lcd_cmd(0x32); //as per data sheet
delay(4);
lcd_cmd(0x28); // Function set (4-bit interface, 2 lines, 5*7Pixels)
lcd_cmd(0x28); // Function set (4-bit interface, 2 lines, 5*7Pixels)
lcd_cmd(0x0c); // Make cursorinvisible
lcd_cmd(0x6); // Set entry Mode(auto increment of cursor)
}

void string(const char *q) // used to send single charcter to display the lcd
{
while (*q) {
lcd_data(*q++);
}
}

***********************************************************************************
To download the Whole Project Click here

ADC Interfacing with 8051

By
ADC Interfacing with 8051


Read the Introduction here for the ADC  tutorials .   For LCD tutorials Click here

Both the above two tutorials combined  and  tried to read the adc value and Displaying the value in 16x2 LCD only for the learning purpose . If you have any doubt ask me By emailing thnnara123@gmail.com ,or comment below .


 Circuit 



Program In written Keil  with C compiler 
**********************************************************************************
Main file // ADC File
***********************************************************************************
#include <REGX51.H>  
#include "lcd.h" 
#include"adc.h"
#define test_port P2
#include<stdio.h>

void main(){
unsigned char buffer[8];

int adc_value;
LCDPORT = 0x00;
adc_port = 0xFF;
test_port =0x00;
lcd_init();
string("adc ");
get_adc();
P2 = adc_port;
adc_value = 0x60;//adc_port;
LINE2
sprintf(buffer,"%d",adc_value);   // used to convert Binary value from ADC to ASCI value for Lcd

string(buffer);

while(1);

}

***********************************************************************************
    adc.h // ADC Header File
************************************************************************************
#define adc_port P3
sbit RD_adc = P1^0;
sbit WR_adc = P1^1;
sbit INTR = P1^2; 

 get_adc()
 { 
  
 WR_adc = 0;
 delay(1);
 WR_adc =1;
 while(INTR==1);
 RD_adc = 1;
 delay(1);
 RD_adc = 0;

  }
**********************************************************************************
LCD.h // LCD Header File
***********************************************************************************
 #include"delay.h"
 #define LCDPORT P0  // named the Port2 as LCDPORT
 sbit RS=LCDPORT^2;  // P2.2 named RS
 sbit E=LCDPORT^3;  // P2.3 named as E
 #define LINE2 lcd_cmd(0xc0);   // used to display the second line oxc0 is 
 
 
 void latch(void)  // used to a high to low pulse the pin E 
{
    E = 1;
    delay(1);
    E = 0;
}

void lcd_cmd(unsigned char c)   // used to send the command / Instruction to the lcd port 
{          
RS = 0;    // send a '0' value to select to send command
delay(1);     
LCDPORT = c & 0xf0;  //  send  the command c only 4 bit by masking the lower bit 
latch();
delay(1); 
LCDPORT =  (c << 4); // giving the lowerbit  by shifting the 4 bit to left 
latch(); 
}

 void lcd_data(unsigned char c)
 {
 RS =1;    // send 1 to send data 
 delay(1);
LCDPORT = c & 0xf0 | 0x4; //send  the data  only  4 bit by masking the lower bit and also making the RS pin high by giving 0x04 .
delay(1);
latch();

LCDPORT = (c << 4)| 0x4; ; // giving the lower bit  by shifting the 4 bit to left 
latch(); 
}
 
void lcd_init()
{
  delay(20);
    lcd_cmd(0x30);  //as per data sheet
  delay(20);
    lcd_cmd(0x30);    //as per data sheet
  delay(4);
    lcd_cmd(0x32);    //as per data sheet
 delay(4);
    lcd_cmd(0x28);            // Function set (4-bit interface, 2 lines, 5*7Pixels)
    lcd_cmd(0x28);            // Function set (4-bit interface, 2 lines, 5*7Pixels)
    lcd_cmd(0x0c);            // Make cursorinvisible
    lcd_cmd(0x6);            // Set entry Mode(auto increment of cursor)
}

 void string(const char *q)    // used to send single charcter to display the lcd 
{
    while (*q) {
        lcd_data(*q++);
    }
}
***********************************************************************************
To download the Whole Project Click here

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